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原文研究配图：CGM第472期：古基因组学视角下中华民族形成和中华文明传播历史
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CGM第472期：古基因组学视角下中华民族形成和中华文明传播历史

2025年2月21日CGM-US
#人类遗传学#群体遗传#系统发育学
古DNA能为史前人群迁徙和文化传播提供哪些证据？报告结合东亚不同时期遗址的古基因组，讨论人群联系、农业扩散与区域连续性；遗传关系与语言文化历史仍需结合具体研究范围理解。
王传超
王传超

复旦大学生命科学学院 · 特聘教授／博士生导师

复旦大学生命科学学院特聘教授、博士生导师，国家杰青、教育部青年长江学者、国家社科基金重大项目首席专家。以第一作者或通讯作者在包括Nature、Science、National Science Review、Nature Communications、Science Bulletin、Current Biology、Cell Reports等在内的国内外期刊上发表SCI和SSCI论文百余篇，精细解析了东亚人群遗传结构，系统性地重构了东亚人群形成史，为汉藏同源、南岛与壮侗同源提供古基因组学证据，反驳了现代语言起源非洲说以及泛欧亚语的农业传播假说，发展了印欧语的起源和扩散假说，推动了人类基因组学大数据在法医学中的应用，连续三年入选爱思唯尔（Elsevier）中国高被引学者榜单，担任十余份SCI或SSCI期刊的副编、编委或青年编委等，获中国青年五四奖章、霍英东青年科学奖、福建省社科优秀成果一等奖等荣誉奖励。

古基因组学是从考古遗址出土的人骨中提取DNA，通过高通量测序和分析来回答史前人群的起源和迁徙历史。近年来，我们成功提取并测序了东亚地区距今8000年来的诸多重要遗址的500多例古人的基因组。研究发现东亚人群遗传关系与语言分类、地理位置的强相关。黄河流域新石器时代农业人群是汉藏人群的共同祖先，对中华民族的形成有着主要的遗传贡献，中华文明的史前传播主要也是由人群迁徙驱动的。黄河流域新石器时代农业人群登上了青藏高原，往西北经由甘青地区到达新疆，向东北扩散抵达西辽河流域，向东影响了山东地区，并且南下藏彝走廊，影响了华南地区的壮侗和苗瑶语人群。3000-2000年前台湾地区的古人与大陆壮侗语人群有紧密的遗传关系，而苗瑶人群近500年内受到汉藏和壮侗人群基因影响。东亚不同地区的人群分别在各地有很强的遗传连续性，没有受到西方外来人群的混血影响。

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